As a natural step in the Carmel future AFV family program, the IDF is looking to integrate drones or LMs (Loitering Munitions) into its combat vehicles. On the surface, this adds integrated verticality to the maneuvering element. But it offers more than that.
In February 2021, Rafael presented at IAV Online about its solutions for the next-generation of combat vehicles.
For the US that would be the NGCV family of which the core were ambitious replacement projects for the M2 Bradley IFV and M1 Abrams MBT, along with less ambitious modernization projects like the AMPV and the seemingly cancelled M10 Booker.
For Israel that would be the long term Carmel project who IAI was chosen to lead, and the more short term projects like Merkava MBT, and Namer and Eitan APCs.
Without doubt the biggest evolution in AFV design and operation today is the informational revolution. With such powerful cannons and missiles, there's no longer an issue of how hard you can hit, but how quickly and efficiently you can find the next target to actually utilize this tremendous firepower.
If we look at current warfare in Europe and the Middle East, we see that in one theater tanks are very niche and in the other they're the central component of ground combat.
Early iterations of SA (Situational Awareness) improvements involved all-around cameras and sensors to detect targets in the immediate vicinity of the tank or within its LoS (Line of Sight).
Today it's important to evolve on that and add a vertical element to look behind and around an obstacle.
No matter if we're in Europe or the Middle East, we still need to look behind or into a treeline, or around the corner of a building.
Do you see the tank in this image? No? Then neither will an onboard camera. But a drone looking directly from above, coupled with a thermal camera - will.
In this particular incident a Hamas combatant exited a covered tunnel shaft, placed a HEAT charge with a timer on the hull of a Merkava tank, between the hull and turret, ran back to cover, and while concealed by dust he fired a second shot.
This could have been avoided through technology that's readily available in 2025.
A standard Merkava 4M with what appears to be a large 4 cell launcher. Interestingly, while Rafael presented its vertically launched FireFly with the Carmel demonstrator, these appear to be angled.
Such arrangement is unlikely to be final as it exposes fairly expensive kit to all sorts of even non-combat damage.
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| Ninox 66 in green canister |
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| Viper 300 (left) inside an MCL (Multi Canister Launcher), and Viper-I interceptor (right) |
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| MCL of the Viper 300 on a Plasan SandCat APC |
It remains to be seen what the IDF even seeks from this LM. Is it mostly observation for a single instance and then discard? Do they want recovery?
Another realistic solution is to discard their use as an LM, maximize their endurance via installing extra batteries as payload, and utilize in-service FireFly LMs as a strike weapon. If FireFlys are treated solely as a strike weapon, these can be more easily justified from a training efficiency standpoint, while capitalizing on existing production.
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| Viper-I popping out from an MCL on a Rafael C-UAS vehicle demonstrator |
